Diabetes Type 1

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease with a multifactorial cause, meaning that various factors intervene to cause diabetes to occur. Among the causes are genetic, microenvironmental, toxic, and epigenetic alterations. Chronic autoimmunity is a characteristic of the disease; this autoimmunity causes destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. Autoimmunity involves the increased activation of lymphocytes, which do not recognize the tissue as their own; upon recognizing it as foreign, cellular destruction of insulin-producing cells begins.

Type 1 Diabetes Control with Treg Cells

The control of the hyperactivation of lymphocytes, which are responsible for the destruction of pancreatic cells, is basically by Tregulatory lymphocytes.

Regulatory T lymphocytes are cells specialized in blocking the activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes, it is the immune system’s natural way of controlling the integrity of the human body.

Regulatory T lymphocytes may be dysfunctional because they have been “exhausted” due to the chronicity of the disease, they may also be decreased in number, secondary to the cell destruction caused by medications, or they may be inactive due to low signal from cytotoxic lymphocytes.

Cell Immunotherapy with T regulatory lymphocytes for patients with type 1 Diabetes has its pathophysiological foundations, the extraction, specific selection, and activation of T regulatory lymphocytes results in a larger cell population that is also activated and ready to function, once they are administered to the patient, cellular function begins.

Autologous immunotherapies (that is, the cells are extracted from the patient themselves) are safer and more effective therapies, with fewer or no side effects. Heterologous immunotherapies (that is, those obtained from another person) have a risk of important complications such as is the rejection of the transplant, to avoid this critical condition, it is necessary to administer medication to avoid rejection, which causes the bone marrow to be destroyed.